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The Town of Pelham has a policy in place to protect the natural environment within the Municipal Boundary against the damage caused by invasive species. Below is information available about current threats and the steps the Town is taking, along with actions residents can take that will continue to preserve and enhance the quality of Pelham communities.
What is an invasive species? Invasive species are plants, animals, insects, and pathogens that are introduced to an area and cause harm to the environment, economy, or society.
Oak wilt is a vascular disease of oak trees, caused by the fungus Bretziella fagacearum. The first known case in Canada was confirmed in in Niagara Falls, Ontario in May 2023.
Information about Spongy Moth, Lymantria dispar dispar moth or "LDD Moth" (formerly known as gypsy moth), an invasive species that has caused forest defoliating in Pelham.
The Invasive Species Management Policy provides a framework to identify and address all invasive species through prevention, public awareness, detection, and control measures.
Hemlock woolly adelgid
Hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA) has recently been detected in Lincoln, Ontario.
As of October 2023, the affected areas in Ontario include Niagara Gorge, Fort Erie, Wainfleet, Pelham, Hamilton, Grafton, Haldimand County, and Lincoln.
In the spring of 2023 the Town of Pelham distributed the following information to residents in the urban canopy area regarding preventative methods to reduce the spread of Oak Wilt.
In June, 2023 the Canadian Food Inspection Agency confirmed the presence of oak wilt (Bretziella fagacearum) in Springwater, Ontario, a township in Simcoe County near Barrie. This is the second known case of oak wilt in Canada.
As of May 2023 - Oak wilt has been found in a residential area in Niagara Falls, Ontario. This is the first confirmed detection of oak wilt in Canada. To help prevent the spread of this detection, movement restrictions are in place on affected properties. The Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) is working with other federal, provincial and municipal governments to survey the area and determine next steps. Report any potentially infected trees to OakWiltReportingOntario-Fletrissementduchene@inspection.gc.ca.
Oak wilt was named after the characteristic leave wilting observed on infected trees. Bretziella fagacearum spreads through the vascular system of oaks, restricting the movement of water and nutrients up towards the leaves. The leaves of infected oaks can start to wilt and drop prematurely, eventually resulting in complete defoliation.
The leaves will begin turning brown at the outer edges first and will move in towards the middle margin. Leaf discolouration and wilting typically starts at the top of the canopy and moves down over time.
The fungus Bretziellafagacearum develops sporulating mats between the sapwood and bark of dead red oak trees. These mats, called “pressure pads” by technicians, can vary in size, are generally produced in late fall or early spring, and remain visible for two or more weeks. They are usually observed on the trunk or large branches of the tree (CFIA, 2012).
Preventing the spread of oak wilt is the best way to protect oak trees. There are a few different strategies that aid in the prevention of oak wilt:
Don’t move firewood, as it may contain live fungal spores
Don’t prune or damage oak trees between April and October, as this is the most vulnerable time for overland spore spread. If pruning must occur, paint a thin layer of wound paint or shellac on thewound immediately. Wounds caused by storms or other events should also be painted immediately
Learn how to identify the signs of oak wilt
Communicate with others about the potential threat
Report summer leaf fall and sudden die off of oaks.
If you have found a suspect oak wilt, download and complete the following sampling protocols:
The spotted lanternfly is an colourful insect native to Asia, and has been recognised as a potential threat to the grape, fruit tree and forestry industries in Canada. With its unique colouration the spotted laternfly is easily identified in relation to other native insects.
First detected in Pennsylvania in September 2014, it is not known to exist in Canada, spotted lanternfly was added to the regulated pest list in 2018 in an effort to prevent the introduction from infested areas.
The spotted lanternfly is primarily considered an agricultural pest, however it could have widespread ecological impacts as the species can utilize a broad range of plant feeding hosts, including hardwood trees.
Information about Spongy Moth, Lymantria dispar dispar moth or "LDD Moth" (formerly known as gypsy moth), an invasive species causing forest defoliating in the Pelham area.
The following list is compiled of contractors who may provide moth spraying services on private residences for those not included in the Town of Pelham spray program.
Contractors that provide spray services may be added to the directory by contacting lddmoth@pelham.ca
Spongy Moth (Lymantria dispar) previously known as the Gypsy moth (EGM) is an invasive insect from Europe and Asia that established in North America in the late 1860’s near Boston. Spongy Moth caterpillars are 5 to 60 millimetres in length, dark and hairy, with five pairs of blue dots and six pairs of red dots on the back. They feed on a wide range of coniferous as well as deciduous trees, but show a preference to oak trees.
History of the Gypsy Moth The Gypsy moth is back and wreaking havoc in some of Niagara’s well-treed neighbourhoods where oak species are prevalent. This pest established itself in north eastern USA and eastern Canada after being accidentally introduced to Massachusetts in 1869 by a French naturalist. The moths are seen only in mid to late summer. They lay their egg masses on the limbs and trunks of trees, on rocks, buildings, vehicles or in other sheltered areas. The masses, each of which contains more than 300 eggs, will remain in place all winter and hatch the following spring. Once hatched, the caterpillars begin to feed on tree leaves for approximately seven weeks. The European gypsy moth has been found on 500 species of trees. Broadleaved trees are preferred; mainly red, white, bur and swamp white oaks, poplar and white birch. Tree damage depends on the degree of infestation, past defoliations, the tree’s vulnerability and the environment. Damage can range from light to almost complete defoliation. If the tree has been weakened or stressed by other conditions, and attacked repeatedly in recent years, the defoliation can result in the death of the tree.
Where do Spongy moths come from?
Spongy moths are an invasive pest originally from Europe and Asia. They were brought to North America in the late 1800’s to conduct experiments for silk production, but escaped captivity and have since established themselves across much of the northeastern portion of North America.
How does the Spongy moth cause damage to trees?
Caterpillars begin by chewing small holes, but as they mature can completely strip a tree of its leaves depending on their age and population. High levels of spongy moth caterpillars can cause trees to experience severe loss of leaves, which could cause them to enter a state of decline and make them more susceptible to further harm from other insects, diseases, and weather fluctuations.
What does the damage look like?
Spongy moth caterpillars chew small holes in the new leaves. As the caterpillars begin to grow, they eat more and the holes become larger until only the leaf veins remain. When population levels are high, spongy moth caterpillars have the ability to strip trees of all of their leaves. Spongy moth are known to feed on hardwood trees such as apple, birch, cherry, elm, hickory, oak, willow, and maple species. Other deciduous trees, and even conifers such as pine or spruce, could be susceptible when populations are high.
What is defoliation?
Defoliation is the widespread loss of leaves on a tree and other plants. Tree damage can range from light to severe defoliation. As the caterpillars grow, they consume more and more leaves. As the growth cycle winds down, usually in late June, trees can look as if they have lost their leaves overnight. Under normal circumstances, defoliation caused by spongy moth caterpillars won’t kill a tree. Healthy trees should regrow their leaves two to three weeks after defoliation, or by early July depending on the year. However, when a tree uses energy to replace damaged leaves, it reduces the energy available for annual tree growth and to fight potential new diseases and other insect attacks.
Why are spongy moths such a nuisance?
Besides defoliating trees, caterpillars can become quite a nuisance to homeowners. They can be heard munching on leaves and their droppings can create a mess on the surfaces below. As the caterpillars complete their feeding, they tend to crawl everywhere including up the sides of homes, on outdoor toys, decks and patio furniture in search of suitable hidden spots to pupate. Exposure to spongy moth hairs, silken threads, and shed skins can cause skin rashes and upper respiratory tract irritation in some people.
Do spongy moths have any natural predators?
Spongy moths do have natural predators: a fungus (Entomophaga maimaiga), a virus (Nucelopolyhedrosis) and a small wasp (Encyrtidae family). The fungus and virus can be very effective at naturally controlling populations however they require a cool wet spring to be effective. The wasp only kills eggs that are near the surface of an egg mass, but can’t parasitize any of the eggs that are hidden beneath the eggs on the outer surface of the mass.
What is Integrated Pest Management (IPM)?
IPM focuses on the long-term prevention and mitigation of pests or their damage through techniques such as monitoring, biological control, habitat manipulation, and modification of cultural practices, such as the use of spongy moth resistant tree varieties. A major component of this program consists of egg mass surveys in the fall and winter to predict defoliation levels for the following year. Following that, prescription and implementation of various control strategies can be undertaken.
BTK Use for Spongy Moth
What is Btk?
Btk is a naturally occurring bacteria found in soil. Btk is not a chemical. Products used in spray programs contain Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki (Btk). The product is registered under the trade name Foray® 48B.
What organisms does Btk pesticide affect?
Btk only works against organisms that go from egg to larvae to pupae to moth (lepidopterans). Btk does not affect adult moths and butterflies, including the monarch butterfly. Btk does not affect other insects, honeybees, fish, birds, or mammals.
How does Btk work?
Btk produces a protein that is toxic only to the larvae (caterpillars) of specific insect species. When ingested by susceptible insects, the toxic protein molecules break down the walls of the insect’s stomach causing the insect to stop feeding. The insect usually dies within two to five days. For Btk toxins to be activated, the alkaline conditions that exist only in certain insects’ digestive systems must be present. The acidic conditions in the stomachs of humans and animals are not present and do not activate Btk toxins, which is why the pesticide is not toxic to humans and animals. Btk has been used in many countries without health impacts to individuals on medications or vulnerable populations.
What is the formulation of the Btk product?
The registered name of the pesticide that will be used is Foray® 48B Biological Insecticide Aqueous Suspension. It is registered under the Pest Control Products Act (PCP # 24977). It is comprised of 3% Btk bacteria, 75% water and 22% food grade inerts. The term ‘food grade inerts’ refers to a special blend of additives that give the formulation protection against ultraviolet light and help make it stick to foliage. They do not pose any health risks. Btk remains effective for approximately one to four days before it breaks down in the presence of sunlight.
What is the concentration of Btk?
A small amount of liquid covers a large area: 4 litres will cover 1 hectare (2.5 acres). Comprehensive spray drift modelling has been done to ensure accurate and effective application.
Who regulates Btk use in Canada?
Btk has been approved by the Pest Management Regulatory Agency, an agency of Health Canada, for aerial use over urban areas.
Is Btk safe?
Btk is an effective pesticide that has been shown to successfully manage many lepidopteran species such as spongy moth. It has been extensively studied by Health Canada and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Research shows that Btk poses minimal risk to human health when used as directed. Btk is approved by Health Canada for aerial use over urban areas. It has been used by many countries over the last 30 years, including Canada and the United States. The City of Toronto has used Btk in multiple aerial spray programs in the past. Its use did not result in any reported health impacts to the general population.
The public is unlikely to experience any symptoms and no special precautions are necessary. Btk aerial spraying is also not expected to have adverse effects on vulnerable populations including children with asthma, people with weakened immune systems, pregnant women or the elderly. However, infrequently there may be some residents who are more sensitive and may experience skin, eye or respiratory irritation. In addition to the Btk active ingredient, other ingredients called formulants have also been studied broadly and do not have any significant health risks.
Formulants normally include water and other ingredients to make the product stick to leaves and needles of trees. While the aerial spray will not eradicate the gypsy moth populations currently present, it will reduce populations to more manageable levels to protect tree canopies. Another subspecies of Bacillus thuringeiensis bacterium, called Bti, has been used to control mosquitos in surface water in the GTA for over a decade as part of the efforts to protect against West Nile Virus.
How quickly does Btk biodegrade?
Once applied, Btk biodegrades quickly, (approximately 1 to 4 days), through exposure to sunlight and other micro- organisms. There are no groundwater contamination concerns, as Btk does not travel through the soil beyond 25 cm.
Is Btk safe for animals?
According to Health Canada, Btk is only effective during the larval (caterpillar) stage of the gypsy moth life cycle. Btk does not affect adult moths and butterflies, including the Monarch Butterfly, as it is not in the caterpillar stage at the time of the spray. Btk does not affect other insects, honeybees, fish, birds or mammals. There is also no impact on animals or pets if they are exposed to or ingest
Aerial Spraying
Is there a certain season or window of time the spray has to happen within?
The best time to first apply Btk is mid-May when caterpillars are small, hungry and feeding. On the day of the sprays, the helicopters will begin spraying just before sunrise (5 A.M.) and will take approximately 2.5 hours to complete. Applications can occur any day of the week, including weekends. Once the leaves are a certain size, the caterpillars have reached almost 90% emergence and the caterpillars begin feeding, the spray window can be narrowed. Once it is determined that those factors are met, the weather conditions then need to be monitored.
What are the conditions required to complete the spray?
The Btk application is weather dependent. Ideal application conditions consist of:
• Calm winds (1-16 km/h)
• High humidity (> 40%)
• Temperatures between 2 and 25 degrees Celsius
• No precipitation within the spray window and ideally not for 24 to 48 hours after application
Why is spraying from the air seen as more effective than spraying from the ground?
Evaluation of previous programs over the past few decades have shown that aerial sprays are highly effective for controlling many forest pests including gypsy moths. Large areas can be treated in just a few hours. Most droplets reach the ground within 10 minutes of application. Aerial spraying can treat remote or difficult-to-access areas, providing even coverage throughout the target area. Also, the droplets can penetrate the crowns of even the tallest trees.
How will residents know when the spray is happening?
48 hours in advance of the spray, the Town will inform residents of the specific areas of the flight path, treatment plan, and any other relevant information.
• Notification signs will be posted along local roads to announce the approximate spray window.
• Social media will be used to update the public on current spray operations. The Town is on Facebook and Twitter.
• The public are encouraged to subscribe for up Email News Alerts regarding the aerial spray by clicking “subscribe to this page” at the bottom of the page.
• Residents with questions or concerns related to the health impacts of aerial spraying with Btk should call Niagara Regional Public Health at 1-800-263-7248 or speak to their family physician.
What personal precautions can be taken in preparation for aerial spraying?
Members of the public are unlikely to experience any health effects, and no special precautions are necessary or required. Individuals who have concerns should take reasonable precautions to avoid exposure during an application period of the program. While no special precautions need to be taken, the following measures may be considered by residents living in treatment areas:
• Whenever possible, remain indoors for 30 minutes after spraying to allow for the droplets to deposit onto the tree leaves.
• Bringing laundry, toys and pets indoors before spraying begins.
• Practice good personal and food hygiene (e.g., hand washing after outdoor activities, especially after gardening; leaving outdoor shoes at the door; washing all fruits and vegetables before eating or cooking).
• Covering lawn furniture, outdoor tables, pools, BBQs, play equipment and sandboxes and/or rinsing them off with water after spraying is finished.
• Minimize opening and closing windows and doors during the spraying.
• Shutting off the heating/cooling vents or selecting the recirculate setting.
• Contacting your family physician if you are concerned that a personal medical condition may be aggravated by the spraying.
Should residents in the spray areas cover items in their backyard?
It is recommended to cover things you don’t want sprayed like patio furniture, outdoor tables, play equipment and sandboxes or you can simply rinse them off with water after spraying is finished. The spray does not damage paints or finishes on automobiles, houses, boats or trailers. If it is left to harden, the spray can be removed with water but may require more effort. The sooner it is washed off, the easier it is to remove.
Can residents pool remain open?
If possible, cover pools during the spray period. After the spraying has been conducted and the pool cover has been removed, consider testing the water to ensure chemistry balance in water chemistry prior to swimming in the pool. If the pool has not been covered during the spray, test the water to ensure chemistry balance in the water chemistry prior to swimming.
Can dogs be outside when the spray occurs? Is it harmful to pets?
Individuals who live in the treatment areas should bring pets indoors before spraying begins. This will reduce pets bringing Btk indoors; However, Btk is not considered a risk to pets or animals.
Should residents cover BBQs?
If possible, prior to the spraying, close and cover your BBQ or bring it into a covered area. BBQs left open or uncovered should be rinsed with water prior to use. If left to harden, it may require more effort to remove.
Sticky Band or Tangle Foot can be found at most farm supply stores, garden centres, or nursery’s
Prices will vary based on store, quantity, brand, and size. Contact your preferred store for pricing and availability.
2022 Spongy Moth Program Information
Below is the full program details for the 2022 Town of Pelham Spongy Moth Program
Program Updates
May 31, 2022 - Second Spray Re-scheduled to take place June 2, 2022
The second application of the 2022 aerial spray program for the Spongy Moth (LDD Moth) previously known as Gypsy Moth, has been re-scheduled for Thursday June 2, 2022 beginning at 7:00am due to weather.
The application is highly influenced by weather conditions and the date and timing may change on short notice. The Town will take all reasonable steps to ensure that residents are kept informed.
If the weather is not cooperative, the spray will not occur and the Town will update the dedicated Spongy Moth section of the website at www.pelham.ca/lddmoth and social media.
May 27, 2022 - Second Spray Scheduled for June 1, 2022
The Town of Pelham has confirmed that the second aerial application of BTK for the control of the Spongy Moth (LDD) will commence on Wednesday, June 1, 2022 between 7:00am and 9:00am, weather permitting.
The application is highly influenced by weather conditions so the date and timing may change on short notice. We will take all reasonable steps to ensure that we keep you up to date.
The spray is completed by Zimmer Air with a twin-engine helicopter; residents can expect high audible levels as the helicopter completes its path.
Members of the public are unlikely to experience any health effects, and no special precautions are necessary or required. Individuals who have concerns should take reasonable precautions to avoid exposure during an application period of the program.
While no special precautions need to be taken, the following measures may be considered by residents living in treatment areas:
Whenever possible, remain indoors for 30 minutes after spraying to allow for the droplets to deposit onto the tree leaves.
Bringing laundry, toys and pets indoors before spraying begins.
Practice good personal and food hygiene (e.g., hand washing after outdoor activities, especially after gardening; leaving outdoor shoes at the door; washing all fruits and vegetables before eating or cooking).
Covering lawn furniture, outdoor tables, pools, BBQs, play equipment and sandboxes and/or rinsing them off with water after spraying is finished.
Minimize opening and closing windows and doors during the spraying.
Shutting off the heating/cooling vents or selecting the recirculate setting.
Contacting your family physician if you are concerned that a personal medical condition may be aggravated by the spraying.
May 19, 2022 - First Spray Scheduled for May 24, 2022
The Town of Pelham has confirmed that the first aerial application of BTK for the control of the Spongy Moth (LDD) will commence on Tuesday, May 24, 2022 between 6:30am and 8:30am, weather permitting.
The application is highly influenced by weather conditions so the date and timing may change on short notice. We will take all reasonable steps to ensure that we keep you up to date.
Weather Permitting, a second aerial spray application will occur within 7 days of the first.
The spray is completed by Zimmer Air with a twin-engine helicopter; residents can expect high audible levels as the helicopter completes its path.
Members of the public are unlikely to experience any health effects, and no special precautions are necessary or required. Individuals who have concerns should take reasonable precautions to avoid exposure during an application period of the program.
While no special precautions need to be taken, the following measures may be considered by residents living in treatment areas:
Whenever possible, remain indoors for 30 minutes after spraying to allow for the droplets to deposit onto the tree leaves.
Bringing laundry, toys and pets indoors before spraying begins.
Practice good personal and food hygiene (e.g., hand washing after outdoor activities, especially after gardening; leaving outdoor shoes at the door; washing all fruits and vegetables before eating or cooking).
Covering lawn furniture, outdoor tables, pools, BBQs, play equipment and sandboxes and/or rinsing them off with water after spraying is finished.
Minimize opening and closing windows and doors during the spraying.
Shutting off the heating/cooling vents or selecting the recirculate setting.
Contacting your family physician if you are concerned that a personal medical condition may be aggravated by the spraying.
The Town of Pelham Public Works department issued addressed letters to all homeowners in the designated spray blocks areas to advise of the upcoming Spongy Moth (LDD) spray program.
In addition, those residents in the buffer areas surrounding the spray blocks were also notified of the upcoming spray program.
The Wednesday April 6 edition of the Voice of Pelham also contained a Spongy Moth information insert that included maps of all spray block areas.
April 4, 2022
Town of Pelham 2022 Aerial Spray Program
The Town of Pelham's LDD moth aerial spray program will commence as early as May 10th with final spray dates posted on the Town of Pelham website at www.pelham.ca/LDDMoth within 48 hours prior to the application.
The maps identify the spray blocks to receive treatment from the aerial spray program. The spray blocks identified have been designed to have the greatest impact on preventing defoliation and protecting the health of the most vulnerable trees in accordance with the Town of Pelham LDD Moth Management Policy and Integrated Pest Management strategy.
For residents that have property outside of the spray areas a list of private spray contractors has been developed.
Public Notice of Pesticide Use Town of Pelham LDD Moth Control
The Town of Pelham is conducting an aerial spray program to control LDD moth (Lymantria dispar dispar) along the following municipal roadsides/parks, Town-owned properties, and privately owned properties:
The aerial spray program carried out by helicopter will be applying the biological pesticide Foray 48B Biological Insecticide Aqueous Suspension, the active ingredient is Bacillus thuringiensis v. kurstaki (Btk), Registration No. 24977 under the Pest Control Products Act (Canada).
Applications will occur early mornings before 8:00 a.m. Approximately seven days apart, two applications will occur. Proposed earliest commencement date of May 10, 2022, and ending June 15, 2022.
For more information, contact Sonia Simoes, Administrative Assistant to Public Works, Town of Pelham, 905-980-6672 Collect calls will be accepted.
Spray dates will be released on the Town of Pelham website and social media channels 48 hours prior to application.
The cubs from the local scouting group, 3rd Fonthill Scouting had guest speaker Ryan Cook, the Town of Pelham Manager of Public Works join a meeting to share information about the invasive species the Spongy Moth (LDD/Gypsy).
Mr. Cook spoke about invasive species, how the moths came to the area, what damage they can do to the tree canopy and how burlap banding can help make an impact. He also did a demonstration on how to apply burlap banding to tree trunks to reduce the number of caterpillars that infest the tree canopy.
The Cubs then practised applying the banding, showing Mr. Cook some of their knot tying skills, and managed to compete against for the fastest application of the burlap banding – the best time was under 30 seconds to apply.
The Cubs ages 8-11, then worked with the volunteer scouters to assemble supplies provided by the Town to create 100 Spongy Moth banding kits that will be distributed to homeowners in Pelham. Homeowners will be able to pick up a kit from the Town of Pelham booth at the Kinsmen Home show, free of charge, while supplies last.
March 7, 2022
At the March 7, 2022 meeting, Council approved the recommendation to move forward with a Spongy Moth spray program utilizing approved budget and spray blocks identified for a total area of approximately 108 Hectares.
Lallemand Inc. /Bioforest (BioForest) worked in conjunction with staff to develop aerial spray blocks to fit within the available spray budget. Consideration was given to Policy S802-03, as well as the 2022 defoliation forecast, and a number of other criteria. View the policy
Council has approved the recommendation to move forward with a Spongy Moth spray program utilizing approved budget for the 2022 program and spray blocks identified.
At the February 7, 2022, council meeting, Council received Public Works Report 2022-0028 outlining the results of the LDD Moth egg mass surveys, management recommendations, and associated costs.
The report serves to fulfill the requirements of Policy S802-03 to inform Council of the proposed spray blocks, and present the by-law amendment required to implement an aerial spray program using the biologic control agent Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki (Btk) in and around public trees and trees on private lands within the Town of Pelham.
The report provides evidence that Pelham’s LDD moth population may have passed its peak and is on the decline, the Town has the potential to experience heavy to severe levels of defoliation.
The most severe defoliation is anticipated to occur north of Fonthill (Effingham Street, Tice Road, and Metler Road area), in the area between Fenwick and Fonthill just outside the Fonthill urban boundary (along Effingham Street, Welland Road, Canboro Road and Pancake Lane), and south of Fenwick (Balfour Street south of Sumbler Road and along Cream Street south of Foss Road).
Defoliation within the urban boundaries of Fenwick and Fonthill is expected to be predominantly light to moderate, with the exception of a few areas located near the urban/rural border.
Spray Maps
At the March 7, 2022 meeting, Council approved the recommendation to move forward with a Spongy Moth spray program utilizing approved budget and spray blocks identified for a total area of approximately 108 Hectares.
The second application of the Gypsy Moth aerial spray program is scheduled for Monday, May 31, weather depending. The time of the spray has not yet been determined, though it is usually at first light, and is likely to occur between 5:30-8:30 a.m.
The spray is completed with a twin-engine helicopter; residents can expect high audible levels as the helicopter completes its path.
Weather is the primary factor in the day and time of the spray. If the weather is not cooperative, the spray will not occur and the Town will update this page and social media pages.
The second application is the final spray of this year's program.
May 17, 2021 - Rolling road closures
Please be advised that the Town of Pelham will erect temporary road closures on the morning of Thursday, May 20, 2020. These closures will be in place during the time the helicopter is in close proximity of the road for the gypsy moth aerial spray program. Residents are encouraged to avoid walking and cycling in these areas at this time as well.
Road closures will be limited in duration and emergency vehicles will not be impacted.
Fonthill
Pelham Street: Overholt Road to Shorthills Place Pancake Lane: Effingham Street to Woodstream Boulevard Haist Street: Pancake Lane to Nursery Lane John Street: Stella to Beechwood Crescent
Fenwick
Memorial Drive: Maple Street to Centre Street Maple Street: Memorial Drive to Canboro Road Canboro Road: Church Street to Centre Street Balfour Street: Memorial Drive to Foss Road Church Street: Canboro Road to Foss Road Foss Road: Chruch Street to Balfour Street Welland Road: Garner Street to Cream Street
May 13, 2021 - First spray THURSDAY, MAY 20, 2021
The first application of the Gypsy Moth aerial spray program is scheduled for Thursday, May 20, weather depending. The time of the spray has not yet been determined, though it is usually at first light, and is likely to occur between 5:30-8:30 a.m.
The spray is completed with a twin-engine helicopter; residents can expect high audible levels as the helicopter completes its path.
Weather is the primary factor in the day and time of the spray. If the weather is not cooperative, the spray will not occur and the Town will update this page and social media pages.
The second application is applied 7-10 days after the first, again, weather depending.
April 19, 2021
What type of pesticide is being used for the gypsy moth spray program?
The Town of Pelham will be using a product that contains Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki (Btk). The product is registered under the trade name Foray® 48B. Btk is a naturally occurring bacteria found in soil. Btk is not a chemical. Btk was successfully used by the City of Toronto in 2007, 2008, 2013 and 2017 to control gypsy moth populations. The Cities of Mississauga and Oakville have completed similar spray programs in the past. The City of Hamilton will be conducting an aerial spray program with this same product this spring as well.
What organisms does Btk pesticide affect?
Btk only works against organisms that go from egg to larvae to pupae to moth (lepidopterans). Btk does not affect adult moths and butterflies, including the monarch butterfly, as it is not in the caterpillar stage and feeding on plant material at this time of the year. Btk does not affect other insects, honey- bees, fish, birds, or mammals.
How does Btk work?
Btk produces a protein that is toxic only to the larvae (caterpillars) of specific insect species. When ingested by susceptible insects, the toxic protein molecules break down the walls of the insect’s stomach causing the insect to stop feeding. The insect usually dies within two to five days.
For Btk toxins to be activated, the alkaline conditions that exist only in certain insects’ digestive sys- tems must be present. The acidic conditions in the stomachs of humans and animals are not present and do not activate Btk toxins, which is why the pesticide is not toxic to humans and animals. Btk has been used in many countries without health impacts to individuals on medications or vulnerable popu- lations.
What is the formulation of the Btk product?
The registered name of the pesticide that will be used by the City is Foray® 48B Biological Insecticide Aqueous Suspension. It is registered under the Pest Control Products Act (PCP # 24977). It is comprised of 3% Btk bacteria, 75% water and 22% food grade inerts. The term ‘food grade inerts’ refers to a special blend of additives that give the formulation protection against ultraviolet light and help make it stick to foliage. They do not pose any health risks. Btk remains effective for approximately one to four days before it breaks down in the presence of sunlight.
What is the concentration of Btk?
A small amount of liquid covers a large area: 4 litres will cover 1 hectare (2.5 acres). Comprehensive spray drift modelling has been done to ensure accurate and effective application.
Who regulates Btk use in Canada?
Btk has been approved by the Pest Management Regulatory Agency, an agency of Health Canada, for aerial use over urban areas.
Is Btk safe?
Btk is an effective pesticide that has been shown to successfully manage many lepidopteran species such as gypsy moth. It has been extensively studied by Health Canada and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Research shows that Btk poses minimal risk to human health when used as directed.
Btk is approved by Health Canada for aerial use over urban areas. It has been used by many countries over the last 30 years, including Canada and the United States. The City of Toronto has used Btk in multiple aerial spray programs in the past. Its use did not result in any reported health impacts to the general population.
The public is unlikely to experience any symptoms and no special precautions are necessary. Btk aerial spraying is also not expected to have adverse effects on vulnerable populations including children with asthma, people with weakened immune systems, pregnant women or the elderly. However, infrequent- ly there may be some residents who are more sensitive and may experience skin, eye or respiratory irritation.
In addition to the Btk active ingredient, other ingredients called formulants have also been studied broadly and do not have any significant health risks. Formulants normally include water and other ingredients to make the product stick to leaves and needles of trees.
While the aerial spray will not eradicate the gypsy moth populations currently present, it will reduce populations to more manageable levels to protect tree canopies.
Another subspecies of Bacillus thuringeiensis bacterium, called Bti, has been used to control mosquitos in surface water in the GTA for over a decade as part of the efforts to protect against West Nile Virus. Btk has been used successfully in aerial sprays as well as ground-based spraying for the past 10 years by the City of Toronto to control gypsy moth populations.
Aerial application of Btk has not shown to have any negative environmental effects. Once applied, Btk biodegrades quickly, (approximately 1 to 4 days), through exposure to sunlight and other micro- organ- isms.
The urban tree canopy provides social, environmental, and ecological benefits to communities. Trees improve air quality and reduce smog and pollution, provide shade, reduce energy demand for cooling in summer and heat in winter, prevent flooding, and promote physical health (improves walkability, improves cardiovascular).
April 8, 2021 - Spray Maps
Click the images of the maps to enlarge.
Fonthill Map
Fenwick Map
April 7, 2021
Lallemand Inc. /Bioforest (BioForest) worked in conjunction with staff to develop aerial spray blocks to fit within the available spray budget. Consideration was given to the Gypsy Moth Management Policy S802-03, as well as, the 2021 defoliation forecast, and a number of other criteria. To allow the 2021 Gypsy Moth Aerial Spray Program to be implemented, and to allow for the aerial application of Btk to manage gypsy moth population on both public and private lands, the existing By-Law 4208(2020) is required to be repealed and replaced with By-Law 4334(2021) to include the spray blocks identified.
A key component to the overall 2021 gypsy moth management strategy is communication. Staff have developed a communications plan including print and social media posts outlining the Town’s plan and approach to managing the infestation, as well as home control methods. Bang the Table will be utilized in lieu of Public Meetings to satisfy the requirements of Policy S802-03. As proposed in the 2020-PW-24 Gypsy Moth Services Project, BioForest has developed a Forest Health Volunteer Program with the purpose of increasing the knowledge and awareness of forest health issues in the community. The program will help build a motivated group of volunteers, and engage them in activities that assist the Town with forest health and pest management.
The implementation of aerial spray application over urban/residential areas is highly specialized. Low-level, aerial spraying over residential areas requires the use of a double-engine helicopter, as well as, federal and provincial permits. Staff have explored options for aerial spray service providers, including competitors in the rural spraying industry. Staff have confirmed that Zimmer Air Services remains the only applicator in eastern Canada with the ability to spray over urban/residential areas. As a result, it is necessary to enter into a non-competitive procurement contract with Zimmer Air Services as don in 2009, 2019, and 2020.
March 22, 2021
On Monday, March 22, 2021, Council received a report the 2020-21 Gypsy Moth Population Assessment Report - Treatment Program Development report from staff, outlining evidence that Pelham’s gypsy moth population may have passed its peak and is on the decline. Given the population levels and abundance of host species, the Town is forecast to experience severe levels of defoliation throughout Fenwick, Fonthill, and rural forested areas south of Fenwick and north/west of Fonthill.
Council will receive another report on April 6, 2021, outlining the proposed areas, maps, plans, and costs associated with the 2021 spray program.
The Town will also be setting up a community engagement page at https://engagingpelham.ca. This page will have information, reports, sections for comments and questions, and more. Registration is required, so it is advised to visit the page now and register, so that when the page is available, you can being participation in the discussion.
2020 Spongy Moth Program Information
Town of Pelham Spray Program - 2020
Please click on the link below to view the 2020 gypsy moth spray program, direct spray parcel list. Notice will be sent to both direct spray parcels and adjacent spray parcels in the upcoming weeks.
The following contractors may be contacted for gypsy moth spraying on private residences if your address is not included in the Town's spray program. If you're a contractor that offers gypsy moth spray services, and do not appear in this list, please contact gypsymoth@pelham.ca to be added.
The second, and final, application of the Gypsy Moth aerial spray program took place this morning. Staff will monitor the effectiveness of the program and report to Council in the coming months.
UPDATE: June 2, 2020
The second application for the aerial spray program is scheduled for Thursday, June 4, 2020, weather depending. The application will be delivered at first light.
UPDATE: May 27, 2020
The first application of the aerial spray program for Gypsy Moth was completed this morning. The second application will occur in 7-10 days, weather depending. Keep checking this page for news and updates.
UPDATE: May 25, 2020
The following road sections will be impacted through the Gypsy Moth Spray this Wednesday. Timing is still not confirmed, but likely between 5:30-8:30 a.m.
This will likely be more of a soft closure. The Town will hold up traffic for a very short period of time only when the helicopter is in the area. Emergency Services will not be impacted.
The Town will position a truck with a barricade at the locations provided by Zimmer Air Services (plus a couple extra spots along the route)
The street sections will be:
Hwy 20 – Effingham to Haist Street
Haist Street – Hwy 20 to Rolling Meadows
Canboro Road – Church Street (Welland) to Haist Street
Pancake Lane – Effingham to Pelham Street
Walkers, runners, and cyclists are encourage to avoid the spray zones during the spray.
UPDATE: May 24, 2020
The first application of the Gypsy Moth aerial spray program is scheduled for Wednesday, May 27, weather depending. The time of the spray has not yet been determined, though it is usually at first light, and is likely to occur between 5:30-8:30 a.m.
The spray is completed with a twin-engine helicopter; residents can expect high audible levels as the helicopter completes its path.
Weather is the primary factor in the day and time of the spray. If the weather is not cooperative, the spray will not occur and the Town will update this page and social media pages.
The second application is applied 7-10 days after the first, again, weather depending.
UPDATE: May 19, 2020
The first application of the gypsy moth aerial spray program will be pushed back from its original spray date of May 20, 2020. This is due to the cooler and wet weather. Egg masses have begun to hatch. Residents are reminded to utilize the resources found on this page for home tree maintenance.
When an updated date for the spray program becomes available, it will be posted to the Town's website and social media pages.
Since the Town opened its gypsymoth@pelham.ca email address, several themes emerged in terms of the types of questions being asked. To help those who have similar questions, or are just looking to learn more about the 2020 spray program, the Town has compiled a quick FAQ list. If you have further questions, please submit them to gypsymoth@pelham.ca and a second round of FAQs may be compiled if warranted.
Q: What if my property is not included in the Town’s spray program? A: If your property is not listed (check for your property here) in the Town’s spray program your property will not receive treatment from the aerial spray program. If you would like to receive service, a list of private contractors can be found on the Town’s website: www.pelham.ca/gypsy-moth. There is also a home control methods document that homeowners are encouraged to look at and apply to help the spread of the gypsy moth and the defoliation of trees.
Q: If my property is close to the spray block, can you add it to the program and bill me later? A: The 2020 gypsy moth program is funded through the approved 2020 operating budget and no individual bills will be issued. The Town’s program is designed to work specifically within this budget and deviation is not an option. Residents will not receive a bill for any Town spraying.
Q: I received a notice that my property is being sprayed, can I see the spray block maps? A: Yes, you can. The spray block maps are available on the Town’s website: www.pelham.ca/gypsy-moth. Also, if you have the April 15, 2020 edition of the Voice of Pelham, the Town advertised the spray blocks in the newspaper; they can also be found on the Voice of Pelham’s website: https://thevoiceofpelham.ca/2020/04/15/pelham-gypsy-moth-spray-maps/
It is important to note that all or some of your property may be sprayed, so make sure to check the map to see what portions of your property will receive treatment.
Q: What is the spray being used made of and what if I have health concerns over its use? A: For residents who have health concerns with the spraying of Btk, please contact Christine Tonon, public works administrative assistant at ctonon@pelham.ca or 905-892-2607 x332 to request to be placed on a priority call or email list that will be informed within 48-hours of the spray to make any arrangements necessary to vacate their property during the spray.
Bacillus thuringiensis (Btk) is the most common commercial product used to control large-scale gypsy moth infestations and has been extensively used in previous aerial control programs against gypsy moth in both Canada and the United States. This product targets only Lepidoptera larvae feeding at the time, and is non-toxic to birds, animals, humans, honeybees, fish, and most other insects. The spray must be applied while the early instar larvae are actively hatching and feeding on the foliage, usually early to mid-May. Within about two to three hours of consuming the product, the larvae stop feeding and die within a few days (City of Regina 2016).
In terms of environmental safety, Btk is considered to be a very safe option. It is a naturally occurring bacteria found in the soil, not a chemical, and it works by producing proteins that are toxic to larvae. It degrades rapidly in the environment (within 1 to 4 days) due to sunlight and other microorganisms, so the exposure window is limited. It does not travel into the soil beyond 25 cm, therefore there are no concerns with leaching into groundwater (Perez 2015). In fact, pest control products containing Btk have been registered for use in Canada for 40 years and it is the most widely used pest control product in the world and can be used on certified organic farms.
Btk specifically targets immature insects (larvae) in the Lepidoptera family. An extensive literature exists on the consequences of non-target organisms to Btk, including reports of several long-term field studies. The data have been reviewed periodically (e.g. Melin and Cozzi 1990, Otvos and Vanderveen 1993) and the range of non-target species that have been found to be susceptible to direct toxic action of Btk has remained small. Spring feeding Lepidoptera species (leafrollers, fruitworms, cankerworms, and budmoths) may be affected and species richness may be locally and temporarily reduced following a spray event. Significant Lepidoptera species such as monarchs and swallowtails are not affected as they are not in the susceptible life stage when the spray is applied.
According to the World Health Organization, Btk has been sprayed over populated areas in several countries including the USA, Canada, and New Zealand. Some of these applications have been followed by public health surveillance programs and in general no (or very few) harmful effects have been reported among residents of the sprayed communities. A large epidemiological study conducted by the University of British Columbia concluded that “the largescale spray program of Btk in the lower mainland for control of the Asian and European gypsy moth did not cause any measurable increase in serious community unwellness that could be attributed to the spray” (Otvos and Vanderveen 1993).
Melin B.E. and Cozzi E.M. 1990. Safety to nontarget invertebrates of Lepidopteran strains of Bacillus thuringiensis and their (ß)-exotoxins. In: Laird M, Lacey LA, & Davidson EW ed. Safety of microbial insecticides. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, pp 149–167.
Otvos I.S. and Vanderveen S. 1993. Environmental report and current status of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki use for control of forest and agricultural insect pests. Victoria, British Columbia, Ministry of Forests, Forestry Canada, pp 1–81.
Perez, J., Bond, C., Buhl, K., Stone, D. 2015. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) General Fact Sheet; National Pesticide Information Center, Oregon State University Extension Services.http://npic.orst.edu/factsheets/btgen.html.
UPDATE: April 24, 2020
Public Notice of Pesticide Use for Gypsy Moth Control
Proposed earliest commencement date of May 20, 2020, weather permitting, and ending June 5, 2020. These are not confirmed dates. Letters will be delivered to homeowners in the spray blocks and adjacent regarding spray dates.
The Town of Pelham is conducting an aerial spray program to control European gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) along the following municipal roadsides/parks, Town owned properties, and private owned properties:
Area Map 1: Cherry Ridge Park, Memorial Drive, Maple Street, Canboro Road
Area Map 2: Canboro Road, Sunset Drive, Garner Avenue
Area Map 3: Memorial Drive, Canboro Road
Area Map 4: Canboro Road, Hillside Cemetery
Area Map 5: Canboro Road
Area Map 6: Canboro Road, Timmsdale Park, Concord Valley Area
Area Map 7: Hillcrest Park Area, Pancake Lane Area, Berkwood Place Area
Area Map 8: Crosshill Area, Berkwood/Rolling Meadows Area
Area Map 9: Kunda Park (John Street/Stella)
Area Map 10: Lookout Park
All areas are within the Town of Pelham and the villages of Fenwick, Ridgeville, and Fonthill.
The aerial spray program carried out by helicopter will be applying the biological pesticide Foray 48B Biological Insecticide Aqueous Suspension, active ingredient is Bacillus thuringiensis v. kurstaki (Btk), Registration No. 24977 under the Pest Control Products Act (Canada). Applications will occur early mornings before 8 a.m. Two applications will occur approximately 7 days apart.
Proposed earliest commencement date of May 20, 2020, weather permitting, and ending June 5, 2020.
UPDATE: April 21, 2020
Pre-emergence monitoring plots have been established throughout the spray zone, and egg hatching and leaf development will be monitored on the trees with pink band on them (see photo). This is done to determine the most effective time to complete the aerial spray program.
Concerns about the spray?
For residents who have health concerns with the spraying of Btk, please contact Christine Tonon, public works administrative assistant at ctonon@pelham.ca or 905-892-2607 x332 to request to be placed on a priority call or email list that will be informed within 48-hours of the spray to make any arrangements necessary to vacate their property during the spray.
What is Btk?
Bacillus thuringiensis (Btk) is the most common commercial product used to control large-scale gypsy moth infestations and has been extensively used in previous aerial control programs against gypsy moth in both Canada and the United States. This product targets only Lepidoptera larvae feeding at the time, and is non-toxic to birds, animals, humans, honeybees, fish, and most other insects. The spray must be applied while the early instar larvae are actively hatching and feeding on the foliage, usually early to mid-May. Within about two to three hours of consuming the product, the larvae stop feeding and die within a few days (City of Regina 2016).
In terms of environmental safety, Btk is considered to be a very safe option. It is a naturally occurring bacteria found in the soil, not a chemical, and it works by producing proteins that are toxic to larvae. It degrades rapidly in the environment (within 1 to 4 days) due to sunlight and other microorganisms, so the exposure window is limited. It does not travel into the soil beyond 25 cm, therefore there are no concerns with leaching into groundwater (Perez 2015). In fact, pest control products containing Btk have been registered for use in Canada for 40 years and it is the most widely used pest control product in the world and can be used on certified organic farms.
Btk specifically targets immature insects (larvae) in the Lepidoptera family. An extensive literature exists on the consequences of non-target organisms to Btk, including reports of several long-term field studies. The data have been reviewed periodically (e.g. Melin and Cozzi 1990, Otvos and Vanderveen 1993) and the range of non-target species that have been found to be susceptible to direct toxic action of Btk has remained small. Spring feeding Lepidoptera species (leafrollers, fruitworms, cankerworms, and budmoths) may be affected and species richness may be locally and temporarily reduced following a spray event. Significant Lepidoptera species such as monarchs and swallowtails are not affected as they are not in the susceptible life stage when the spray is applied.
According to the World Health Organization, Btk has been sprayed over populated areas in several countries including the USA, Canada, and New Zealand. Some of these applications have been followed by public health surveillance programs and in general no (or very few) harmful effects have been reported among residents of the sprayed communities. A large epidemiological study conducted by the University of British Columbia concluded that “the largescale spray program of Btk in the lower mainland for control of the Asian and European gypsy moth did not cause any measurable increase in serious community unwellness that could be attributed to the spray” (Otvos and Vanderveen 1993).
Melin B.E. and Cozzi E.M. 1990. Safety to nontarget invertebrates of Lepidopteran strains of Bacillus thuringiensis and their (ß)-exotoxins. In: Laird M, Lacey LA, & Davidson EW ed. Safety of microbial insecticides. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, pp 149–167.
Otvos I.S. and Vanderveen S. 1993. Environmental report and current status of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki use for control of forest and agricultural insect pests. Victoria, British Columbia, Ministry of Forests, Forestry Canada, pp 1–81
Perez, J., Bond, C., Buhl, K., Stone, D. 2015. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) General Fact Sheet; National Pesticide Information Center, Oregon State University Extension Services.http://npic.orst.edu/factsheets/btgen.html.
UPDATE: April 2, 2020
Please click on the link below to view the 2020 gypsy moth spray program, direct spray parcel list. Notice will be sent to both direct spray parcels and adjacent spracy parcels in the upcoming weeks.
The 2020 aerial spray program for gypsy moth will be underway in the coming months. Council approved the public works report on March 23, 2020, which identified the spray blocks proposed to receive the aerial spray program.
The total number of hectares to be sprayed through the 2020 Town of Pelham Gypsy Moth Aerial Spray Program is limited based on the available budget, and application cost estimates from Zimmer Air Services. The identified spray blocks have been designed to have the greatest impact on preventing defoliation and protecting the health of the most vulnerable trees in accordance to the Gypsy Moth Management Policy and IPM strategy. Due to the level of infestation and program size limitations, the threshold for treatment consideration was raised from 2,500 egg masses per hectare to 5,000 egg masses per hectare for the 2020 spray program.
In the report to Council, director of public works Jason Marr indicated that this year’s program is twice as large as last years in terms of hectares spayed.
Originally, two public meetings were scheduled to be held in mid-April, however, with COVID-19 measures in place to decrease the spread of the virus, the Town will work towards alternative community engagement. Once finalized, this will be communicated through the Town’s website, social media channels and in the Voice of Pelham newspaper.
Finalized spray block mapping will be available in the coming week.
UPDATE: March 4, 2020
At the March 2, 2020, meeting of Council, the recommendation to move forward with a gypsy moth spray program utilizing the $150,000 approved budget was given the green light. This option provides aerial spraying for 33 hectares of municipal property and 90 hectares of private property.
Identifying spray blocks and the locations to receive the application will now commence. Once the spray blocks have been identified, maps identifying the areas receiving the aerial spray program will be made available. To stay up to date with all gypsy moth related information, subscribe to www.pelham.ca/gypsy-moth.
In November 2019, Lallemand Inc./Bioforest was selected to develop gypsy moth monitoring plots, conduct egg mass density surveys, and provide a report to the Town of Pelham including:
An assessment of the gypsy moth infestation
Forecasts of likely defoliation for these areas in 2020
Short- and Long-Term management options
Specific recommendations for management in the affected areas for 2020
Pelham Town Council, sitting as Committee of the Whole, received the public works report outlining the Town's proposed gypsy moth policy and 2020 gypsy moth management options and the establishment of a forestry health reserve fund.
Reports from the consultant hired last year to conduct egg mass survey suggest that 2020 will be another severe infestation year.
The consultant will be presenting to Council on March 2.
BioForest, the company contracted to complete gypsy moth egg mass surveys, began surveying today. Surveys are done from public property; private properties will not be entered for surveying purposes.
This page will be updated as new information becomes available.
For the second time in as many days, Pelham Town Council heard from residents on an important issue that, despite only having directly affected certain pockets of town, could have large scale impacts if not dealt with in a timely and sufficient manner.
The gypsy moth infestation that the Town and residents battled in 2019 was mitigated through an aerial spray program that yielded desired results: trees were saved.
However, despite the program’s success, there is an appetite for staff and Council to gain public input on how future year’s programs should be conducted, at what cost, and how that cost will be shared, if at all.
“We were under a biological deadline and we did not have the $100k [to cover the cost] in 2019,” said Mayor Marvin Junkin. “Yes, there’s some more money now and going forward I hope we don’t’ do this again.”
Jason Marr, director of public works, gave a presentation on the origins and biology of the gypsy moth as well as the process that unfolded in 2019, outlining the spray program itself, where spray blocks were situated, timelines, costs, and ultimately, six alternatives for consideration moving forward.
The room also heard how climate change plays a role in invasive species and their intrusion to the municipality. The global spread of harmful forest pest species, like the gypsy moth, is a direct consequence of change, permitting the invasive species opportunity to expand their boundaries. The risk of damage caused by the Gypsy Moth to Canada’s deciduous forests is estimated to grow from the current 15 per cent to more than 75 per cent by 2050.
Alternative 1
Alternative 2
Alternative 3
Alternative 4
Alternative 5
Alternative 6
Click the image to enlarge the alternatives
“Most likely we will have some type of spray program next year,” said Marr, alluding to the fact that the infestation survey has not been undertaken to date. “We did receive approval from Council to retain a forestry consultant to complete an infestation survey.”
Without the study, early, rough estimates indicate that a similar spray program to 2019 would be in the ballpark of $100,000.
When residents shared their stories, comments, and feelings on all things gypsy moth, many ideas spanning from using volunteers to creating a committee to using home prevention methods came to the forefront. However, Council and staff would like as much feedback as possible in determining what program will be most effective in mitigating the gypsy moth infestation and is amenable to residents. Though all comments were recorded by staff, there is further opportunity for residents to submit feedback on the gypsy moth spray program in general as well as ideas and endorsements for how to proceed moving forward. To do this, residents can email gypsymoth@pelham.ca.
Paul Robertson of Trees Unlimited was on hand to answer questions from Council and residents, responding to inquiries on costs, mapping, surveying and more.
For more information on the gypsy moth aerial spray program in 2019 and more, visit: www.pelham.ca/gypsy-moth
UPDATE: (August 6, 2019):
Please see below the revised mapping reflecting the areas that were sprayed during the Gypsy Moth Aerial Spray Program:
NORTH
SOUTH
UPDATE (June 10, 2019):
The gypsy moth spray program for 2019 is now COMPLETE.
UPDATE (June 5, 2019):
Gypsy moth spraying will NOT occur today, Wednesday, June 5, due to the weather forecast. The second application for urban areas will occur later this week.
UPDATE (June 3, 2019):
The second application of the gypsy moth aerial spray program is tentatively scheduled for Wednesday, June 5 - weather pending. The anticipation is that the aircraft will spray the areas in identified spray blocks earlier than the first application (9:30 a.m.) though a precise time is not known. Please visit: www.pelham.ca/gypsy-moth for up-to-date information. Updates to the time and date change (if required) will be posted there first.
UPDATE (May 31, 2019):
The first application of the aerial spray program was administered this morning, treating all areas in the identified spray blocks. The second application will take place sometime next week. Check back for updates as they become available or keep an eye on the Town's social media channels to stay up to date.
UPDATE (May 30, 2019):
Spraying is scheduled to occur later in the morning on Friday, May 31, roughly around 9:30 a.m.
UPDATE (May 23, 2019):
Have some questions about safety precautions prior/during/after the aerial spray program for gypsy moth? Please review some of the frequently asked questions below.
What personal precautions can be taken in preparation for aerial spraying?
Members of the public are unlikely to experience any health effects, and no special precautions are necessary or required. Individuals who have concerns should take reasonable precautions to avoid exposure during an application period of the program.
While no special precautions need to be taken, the following measures may be considered by residents living in treatment areas:
Whenever possible, remain indoors for 30 minutes after spraying to allow for the droplets to deposit onto the tree leaves.
Bringing laundry, toys and pets indoors before spraying begins.
Practice good personal and food hygiene (e.g., hand washing after outdoor activities, especially after gardening; leaving outdoor shoes at the door; washing all fruits and vegetables before eating or cooking).
Covering lawn furniture, outdoor tables, pools, BBQs, play equipment and sandboxes and/or rinsing them off with water after spraying is finished.
Minimize opening and closing windows and doors during the spraying.
Shutting off the heating/cooling vents or selecting the recirculate setting.
Contacting your family physician if you are concerned that a personal medical condition may be aggravated by the spraying.
Does Btk spraying pose a risk to residents who might have sensitivities?
Members of the public are unlikely to experience any symptoms and no special precautions are necessary or required. However, infrequently there may be some residents who are more sensitive and may experience skin, eye or respiratory irritation. Btk aerial spraying is not expected to have adverse effects on vulnerable populations including children with asthma, people with weakened immune systems, pregnant women or the elderly.
What should I do if I experience an adverse reaction?
If you experience an adverse reaction or worsening medical condition, speak to your physician or, in an emergency, call 9-1-1.
Can gypsy moth affect my health directly?
Extreme gypsy moth outbreaks have been associated with skin rashes and upper respiratory tract irritation in some people exposed to airborne gypsy moth hairs, silken threads, or shed skins. There is a potential for some people to develop minor skin irritations or rashes when they come in contact with these insects. If this is a concern, it is recommended that you try and avoid contact whenever possible.
How can I receive updates about the aerial spray?
Updates on the aerial spray program will be available on the Town’s website (www.pelham.ca/gypsy-moth).
What is Integrated Pest Management (IPM)?
IPM focuses on the long-term prevention and mitigation of pests or their damage through techniques such as monitoring, biological control, habitat manipulation, and modification of cultural practices, such as the use of gypsy moth resistant tree varieties
UPDATE (May 22, 2019):The first application of the aerial spray program is Friday, May 31, 2019. The application is expected to occur early in the morning (estimated time around 5:30 a.m.). The program is administered by aircraft, creating a brief but loud audible disruption. The second application is tentatively scheduled for Wednesday, June 5. The application will once again occur early in the morning.
Costs to property owners will be approximately $230, approved by Council at the last meeting on May 21, 2019. Questions, comments, and concerns can be directed to the contacts below.
UPDATE (May 15, 2019):
The Town received updated spray maps (below) for the properties to be included in the gypsy moth aerial spray program. Additionally, a list of addresses within the spray blocks and just outside the spray blocks is provided for quick reference. Dates for spraying are still to be determined. Updates will be provided as they become available.
Click the photo to enlarge.
North
South
Defoliation Mapping
UPDATE (April 26, 2019):
The Town of Pelham, in an effort to control the gypsy moth infestations, will conduct an aerial spray program sometime between mid-May to early June. A final date is pending and dependent on weather conditions. As soon as a date is confirmed, this page will be updated.
The spray program will be administered by Trees Unlimited, working with Zimmer Air, covering a total of 118 acres consisting of public and private property.
Final mapping for the affected areas is currently underway and those homes identified in the spray blocks will be notified by direct mail. Properties just outside of the spray blocks will also be notified by mail. There is not an option to opt in or out of the program.
The spray program uses a biological insecticide called Foray 48B Biological Insecticide Aqueous Suspension(Pest Control Products Act #24977), its active ingredient being a naturally occurring soil bacteria called Bacillus thuringiensis v.kurstaki, or Btk, which only affects spring caterpillars feeding in the upper canopy of hardwoods.
Two applications of Btk will be applied to affected areas and is dispersed by a twin engine helicopter, creating a brief, but invasive audible disruption. The application time is approximately 15 minutes with the biological insecticide staying suspended for approximately 5-10 minutes. Btk remains lethal to the caterpillar for approximately four days. Ultra violet light and rain will gradually breakdown the bacteria.
As specific details for the aerial spray program are confirmed, they will be update on this page, so please check back regularly until the program is complete.
Pre-emergence monitoring plots have been established throughout the spray zone, and egg hatching and leaf development will be monitored on the trees with pink band on them (see photo). This is done to determine the most effective time to complete the aerial spray program. 
